Chusok – Korean Thanksgiving Day Date: September 14

Chusok Thanksgiving Day is a public holiday in South Korea.

The Chusok Harvest festival is one of the most important festivals in whatever culture or religion it might be. It may be named as Thanksgiving in America, Pongal in India and in this case it’s known as Chusok in Korea. This festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth Lunar month of every Lunar year. Let us see more about the Festival of Chusok, its Legacy, its rituals and what it means to the people of that culture.

History of Korean Chusok Festival

Korean Agriculture is based upon the monsoons and the rivers. The Superstitions and religion always cloud the rationality and the science of nature. In this case the farmers believed that if they would present their first batch of crop harvest or first batch of the farming they do, their year’s produce will be profitable and would not involve any nature’s calamities. The farmers do mostly plantation and step farming on the hills and the monsoon is a very important source of water. Lateness in arrival of these monsoons would mean sure destruction of crops to the Farmers. The rice paddies require a lot of water and their dependency on the whims of nature are very great. It is not just praying for the good produce of the upcoming year but also a thanking gesture for the last years produce. There are regions in the Korean territory where the people would not celebrate the festival if the harvest is not upto their expectations.

The Chusok festival is not just a thanksgiving festival as we had seen above. It is also the time of reunion of the families and loved ones. This property too has transcended boundaries and is a traditional part of such harvest festivals. The members of the family are invited to their ancestral homes and they celebrate the festival together. They also celebrate their ancestors and remember and thank them because the Koreans attribute their prosperity to their ancestors.

The origin of the festival can be traced on to the ancient shamanistic celebrations of the moon. The ancients may have developed this festival as a worship ritual which has now evolved into its present thanksgiving form. The term Chusok means mid-autumn day which is also the best period for the harvest to begin.

Chusok – Traditions, Customs and Activities

The most important activities are to give thanks to Mother Nature and the ancestors for providing a bountiful Harvest and a good prosperous year. The family members then gather to prepare the feast and offer it to the ancestors and Mother Nature in thanks. This is known as the ‘charye’.

During this ritual there are certain food items that will always be found. They are kimchi, meat, fish, walnuts, persimmons, dates, pears, apples. And also there is a main dish known as the songpyon which is the crescent shaped rice dish cooked with low heat steamed on top of pines. It actually a very delicious treat and these are offered to the Gods and the Ancestors.

Other rituals include the visiting of the tombs of the Elders and the ancestors. While visiting the foods that were prepared as a part of the charye would be offered to the ancestors. The tombs will be cleaned; the plants and other coverings over the tombs would be removed and the tombs will look almost as new. The people would return after paying their respects to their ancestors.

A variety of folk games are played during the festival. Some of the games played are archery, tug of war and Gama fighting. The villagers would dress up as cows or turtles and go home to home singing about the festival or play bands of music. They would also be wearing the traditional outfit known as the hanbok.
The day would end with the groups of people dancing in circles under the moon light. This is known as the kanggangsuwollae which can be compared to square dancing. It consists of both singing and dancing by holding to various tunes. These songs would all be about the love happiness and the integrity that the people of Korea share among themselves. The South western coastal regions and southern regions all too have sports like cock fighting, Bull fighting and the fun does not stop there.

Chusok and Thanksgiving festival in America

The Harvest Festival of Korea or the Chusok as it is known is in many ways similar to that of the Thanksgiving festival in America. It is a day when people thank nature for being good to them and providing them with what they need and it is also a day to remember and honor their ancestors.

Chusok is also called :

• Thanksgiving Day
• Harvest Festival
• Harvest Moon Day
• Korean Thanksgiving Day
• Full Moon Festival

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Bal Divas/Children’s Day in Nepal: September 14

Nepal celebrates Bal Divas/Children’s Day as a public holiday.

Children’s day or Bal Divas day is created everywhere in order to honor the children and minors. It is celebrated in Nepal and all over its kingdom on August 20. This is the day that children get full freedom to enjoy a play. It is a special day only for the children. This day reminds everyone to look after the welfare of the people and to tell them to live as per the dream and quality Chacha Nehru had.

The children’s day that that was celebrated on August 20 changed to September 14 and now we have Father’s Day on this day. In fact, this dayis also known as Gokarna Aunsi (Father Day).

Nepal History of Bal Divas/Children’s Day

Initially, this was the only day when Nepal celebrated Children’s Day. This day is celebrated in India on November 14 since it’s day when the independent India’s first Prime Minister, Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru, was born. He loved children a lot. In fact, he loved all the children. It is a day to make a child happy and even to remember the birthday of the great leader who has changed the newborn country to a world power.

The father is our strength, respect and the support of the family. This day is celebrated in Nepal and around the world even though it may not be the same day as Nepal celebrates. Nepalese have a lot of respect for the father and they make this day a very exciting and memorable one for the father.

Nepal Bal Divas/Children’s Day Customs and Traditions

Nepal is the land of festival. All around the year, festivals take place. Nepalese take ritual baths and worship different Gods & Goddesses. They even visit temples and observe fasting. You can even find them undertaking feasting on the festival day.

There is an organization in Nepal for the welfare of the children. The name of the organization is Nepal Children’s’ Organization (Bal Mandir) and schools. This is an organization, which works day and night for the needy children to help them get a good education, food, shelter etc. There are camps organized for the children that help them learn new things and explore nature. It also helps them socialize with the outside world and thus this interaction helps their development.

To make this day a memorable one for the children, many seminars, meetings, sports, fairs etc., are organized in consideration for the childrens’ welfare and growth. Even the schools organize different events where different competitions take plac to test the ability of the children.

On this day the son and daughter come with a lot of delicacies and gifts for their father. After gifting, the son receives blessing from their father by touching his feet, and the daughter receives blessing by touching her father’s hand. The people even worship the Gokarneswor Mahadev on this day. All the festivals and celebrations in Nepal maintain the rich cultural heritage of this divine land.

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North Korea Foundation of the State: September 9

Foundation of the State is a National Holiday in North Korea.

An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation’s assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state, more rarely after the end of a military occupation. Most countries honor their respective independence day as a national holiday.North Korea, officially the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula.It celebrates the Foundation of the State Day on 9th September every year. It is also known as Independence Day popularly.

North Korea Foundation of the State History

After the 2nd World War in 1945 and with the defeat of Japan, the country of Korea was further divided into two parts as North and South Korea. North Korea was placed under the Soviet rule and the South was under the reign of U.S.A. The political imposition of the Soviet rule in North Korea was met with great resistance and strong defiance. On the other hand border disputes with the neighboring nation of South Korea led to the famous Korean War and it continued till 1953 beginning in the year 1950. In 1948, Kim Il-sung took over the reigns of the country and under his able leadership the country achieved great heights of success in fields of industrialization and economy. North Korea is officially known as a ‘Juche’ which signifies “self-reliance”.

North Korea Foundation of the State Customs and Activities

After the end of the Korean War, the North Korea experienced a rapid phase of development. Till many years, the Korean countries remained quite untouched by the mainland countries of America and Europe. The independence day of North Korea is celebrated on 9th September every year with great revelry and unparalleled joyous festivities. The land of North Korea is commonly known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. , North Korean Independence Day is all about enjoying the traditional folklore of the country well represented through various dance forms.

The significance of Independence Day in North Korea lies in the fact that the day is marked as the red letter day in the nation’s history. Thus, efforts are made to make this day more eventful with various multi cultural activities and programmes organized at every nook and corner of the country. However, the major highlight of the celebration of Independence Day of North Korea is the military parade held across the capital city of the country.

Other interesting posts:

• North Korea rejoices Founding of Workers’ Party
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• North Korea Observes Constitution Day

Tajikistan Independence Day: September 9

Independence Day is a Public Holiday in Tajikistan.

Tajikistan celebrates its Independence Day on 9 September. On this day Tajikistan got Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Tajikistan officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People’s Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan but is separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.

Tajikistan Independence Day History

In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic. The predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan’s population grew from less than 1% to 13%.

In terms of living conditions, education and industry Tajikistan was behind the other Soviet Republics. In the 1980s, it had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR, the lowest percentage of households in the two top per capita income groups, and the lowest rate of university graduates per 1000 people. By the late 1980s Tajik nationalists were calling for increased rights. Real disturbances did not occur within the republic until 1990. The following year, the Soviet Union collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence.

After independence, Tajikistan suffered from a devastating civil war which lasted from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly-established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country’s economy to grow. Trade in commodities such as cotton and aluminum wire has contributed greatly to this steady improvement. In Tajikistan about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day.

Tajikistan Independence Day Customs and Activities

On this occasion, traditionally dressed Tajik girls zip by on a float during the Independence Day parade. They do not carry gold ingots, but chocolate. The Independence Day celebrations of Tajikistan is marked by a colorful cultural program, including dance performances by school children on Bollywood numbers. Apart from traditional dances, children perform to the tunes of Hindi movie songs, which are loved by people of Tajikistan.

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Liechtenstein Nativity of the Virgin Mary Date: September 8

Feast Day or the Nativity of the Virgin Mary is celebrated as a public holiday.

Liechtenstein is a catholic country with a population of 35,000. It has a great tradition of celebrating catholic holidays with great enthusiasm. In the same way, it celebrates the birth of Virgin Mary as a public holiday on September 8th every year. The day has great religious value as it is directly related to the birth of Christ.

Nativity of the Virgin Mary Day History

The Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was celebrated at least by the sixth century, when St. Romanos the Melodist, an Eastern Christian who composed many of the hymns used in the Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox liturgies, composed a hymn for the feast. The feast spread to Rome in the seventh century, but it was a couple more centuries before it was celebrated throughout the West.

The source for the story of the birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the Protoevangelium of James, an apocryphal gospel written about A.D. 150. From it, we learn the names of Mary’s parents, Joachim and Anna, as well as the tradition that the couple was childless until an angel appeared to Anna and told her that she would conceive. (Many of the same details appear also in the later apocryphal Gospel of the Nativity of Mary.)

The traditional date of the feast, September 8, falls exactly nine months after the feast of the Immaculate Conception of Mary. Perhaps because of its close proximity to the feast of the Assumption of Mary, the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is not celebrated today with the same solemnity as the Immaculate Conception. It is, nonetheless, a very important feast, because it prepares the way for the birth of Christ.

Liechtenstein Nativity of the Virgin Mary day Customs and Activities

Although, the day has lost its glory in todays world but people of Liechtenstein celebrate the day in a very unique manner. As depicted by the name, they celebrate the Day as a Feast Day with delicious meals and drinks. There are religious readings throught the day in all the churches and apart from that, people make Mother’s Cake which is enjoyed by whole family.

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Tahiti Internal Autonomy Day Date: September 8

Internal Autonomy Day is a public holiday in Tahiti.

Ironically, Internal Autonomy Day commemorates June 29, 1880, when king Pomare V was deposed and French Polynesia became a full French colony. But there is a political controvesy regarding the actual date of the festival, which is also celbrated on September 8, when the territory achieved a degree of internal autonomy. Tavini huiraatira members note that June 29 is the date in 1880 when Tahiti’s King Pomare V gave France right of sovereignty of his dependencies.

Tahiti Internal Autonomy Day History

Formerly known as the Society Islands; the main island is Tahiti, an overseas country of France. Tahiti is the most prominent of the islands. Missionaries came to Tahiti in 1797. In 1815 the Tahitian chief Pomare II converted to Christianity. In 1842 Tahiti became a French protectorate and in 1880 it became a colony.

The Gambier group became a protectorate in 1844 and a colony in 1881. Rimatara and Rurutu became protectorates and colonies of France in 1889 and 1900, respectively. The Tuamotu Islands became dependencies of Tahiti in 1847 and part of the colony in 1880. The chiefs of the Marquesas Islands ceded sovereignty to France in 1842. The islands were originally part of the French colony of Oceania. During the Second World War, they sided with the Free French government in exile on 2 September 1940.

French Polynesia was far from the front lines in the Second World War. On 27 October 1946, French Polynesia became an overseas territory of France. A long-lasting independence movement gained a partial concession when France granted limited autonomy to French Polynesia in 1977 and increased in 1984. On 28 March 2003, French Polynesia became an overseas collectivity of France and on 27 February 2004, it became an overseas country of France. The economy is based on tourism, farming, and fishing. An elected territorial assembly exists. French Polynesia also elects two members of the French National Assembly and one member of the French Senate.

Tahiti Internal Autonomy Day Customs and Activities

Pro-autonomy parties celebrate Autonomy day on June 29, but Oscar Temaru’s pro-independence Tavini huiraatira claims this date should be a “Mourning Day”. Pro-autonomy parties announced that they would always celebrate Autonomy day on June 29 in Papeete. A ceremony is held at the “Pont de l’Est”, a rotary on the north side of Papeete with a monument in honor of French Polynesia’s internal autonomy relationship with France. All major pro-autonomy leaders participate in this event, including opposition leader and members of his Tahoeraa huiraatira party. June 29 is the date in 1984 when French Polynesia’s organic law approved by the French Parliament took effect, giving the overseas community, formerly known as a territory, greater internal autonomy while remaining as part of the French Republic. But for Oscar Temaru’s Tavini huiraatira, June 29 is a “Mourning Day.”

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Andorra Our Lady of Meritxell Day Date: September 8

Our Lady of Meritxell Day is a religious holiday in Andorra.

One of the most deeply-rooted traditions in Andorra is Our Lady of Meritxell Day – Patron Saint of Andorra, celebrated on 8 September every year since 1873. The celebration begins on the eve of that day with the Vetlla de la Verge. Like every year, the sanctuary opens its doors to welcome pilgrims who come to pay homage to Our Lady of Meritxell.

Andorra Our Lady of Meritxell Day History

Meritxell’s Sanctuary is made up of two churches: the old sanctuary and the new temple. The sanctuary is Romanesque, reformed and extended in the 17th century. It was destroyed by a fire on Our Lady of Meritxell Day in 1972. It currently holds the permanent exhibition Meritxell Memòria. In the late 12th century, on January 6, a wild rose in bloom was found by villagers from Meritxell going to Mass in Canillo. It was out of season and at its base was found a statue of the Virgin and Child. The statue was placed in the Canillo church. However, the statue was found under the same wild rose the next day.

The statue was taken to the church of Encamp. However, as before, the statue was found under the same wild rose the next day. As in similar legends elsewhere, the villagers of Meritxell took this as a sign and decided to build a new chapel in their town after they found an open space miraculously untouched by the winter snows. The exhibition reflects the feelings and memories of the celebrations and processions that took place before the fire. Some objects that survived the flames are also displayed, such as a forged steel grille from the 17th century or the sanctuary bell. The new sanctuary was designed by the Catalan architect Ricard Bofill in 1976. Here you can find a reproduction of the Romanesque virgin as well as sculptures of the seven patron saints of the parish churches in Andorra.

Andorra Our Lady of Meritxell Day Customs and Activities

Pilgrims from every corner of Andorra start off early in the morning and head towards the sanctuary to begin the celebration of the procession with their family or friends. Different
events take place that day, such as the Aurora Mass or the Young Mass, after which the first pilgrims enjoy a mid-morning snack all together. At midday there is a mass celebrated together with Joan Enric Vives i Sicília, episcopal co-prince of Andorra, and all the priests of the country. Pilgrims take part and politicians from Andorra are also present in the mass. The mass ends with the pilgrims singing traditional poems and paying homage to the Virgin. When the mass is over, there is a sardana dance in the cloister of Meritxell. In the afternoon there is a traditional concert by the Petits Cantors of Andorra National Choir. The procession of torches which goes along the sanctuary premises. At the end, there is cake and chocolate for everyone.

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Our Lady of Victories Date: September 8

Our Lady of Victories is a Public Holiday celebrated in Malta.

Our Lady of Victories – a remembrance ceremony in Valletta to celebrate the lifting of the 1565 barricade against the Turks, the surrender of the French in 1800 and the end of the barricade of the Axis powers in 1943. The customary multihued and keenly-contested boat race, or regatta, is also held at the Grand Harbor on this day. Our Lady of Victories is also known as the Festa of the Nativity of Our Lady or simply Victory Day. There is patron saint festival held in the parish churches of the following towns on this day too: Naxxar, Mellieha, Senglea and Xaghra on Gozo.

Our Lady of Victories History

Our Lady of Victories was built in 1656. It is known as a juspatronatus, that is, the noble family that owned the surrounding land had the right to nominate the parish priest, or rector, who would look after the church. This privilege was held by the D’Amico Inguanez family of Mdina (Imdina). The titular painting was done by Pereira.

In 1965, the Parish was put under the pastoral care of the Paulist Missionaries, a community of priests and brothers, established in Malta in 1910, with the aim of going to mission lands and of helping Maltese emigrants. The first member of this congregation to become Parish Priest at Horsley Park was Fr Claude Borg MSSP. In 1963, the feast of Our Lady of Victories was organized for the first time. The first year a small statue of Our Lady was used for the procession.

Later on the statue of Our Lady of Victories, which is used in St Mary’s Cathedral for the Maltese feast, was brought over for the Horsley Park procession. In September of 1967 a new statue of Our Lady of Victories was ordered for Horsley Park Parish. The Feast of Our Lady of Victories became a cultural event and many people from far and wide used to attend. In the first years, the procession with the statue of Our Lady of Victories used to leave the church, turn left onto Walgrove road, left onto Redmayne road and back along Walworth road.

Our Lady of Victories Day Customs and Activities

Other than Malta, this day is also popular in UK – An all day event organized under the auspices of the Malta High Commission in London: Maltese Fair at Westminster Cathedral Hall in the morning (at about 10.00am), Solemn Mass in the afternoon (about 2.30pm) followed by Street Procession with the Statue of Our Lady of Victories, (il-Bambina), with brass band and fireworks. In the evening the celebrations will continue with a Gala Dinner & Dance, during which, the cabaret will include some top Maltese entertainers brought from Malta especially for this occasion. This is an event that no true Maltese should miss! Over the years many Maltese participated in this festivity that is growing in popularity among the Maltese Community. Everyone is invited to attend and demonstrate their devotion to Our Lady, Mary Help of Christians.

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Macedonia Independence Day Date: September 8

Independence Day is a public holiday in Macedonia

The Independence touched the country of Macedonia on 8th September, 1991 when it freed itself from the hands of the Yugoslavia. For Macedonian, it is a great day to remember by the citizens of the country as the day gives them the assurance of freedom. Macedonian Independence Day is also celebrated as the National Day of the country, on this day all the people take pride and with a positive attitude move forward to overcome all challenges.

History of Macedonia Independence Day

The name “Macedonia” is the oldest existing name of a country on the continent of Europe. The history of Macedonia gives us an over view from the time when that old European civilization flourished in Macedonia between 7000 and 3500 BC to the time of the Macedonian partition till they got their independence.

On 8th September, 1991 a referendum was held establishing its independence from Yugoslavia, under the name of the Republic of Macedonia. Few minor changes to its border with Yugoslavia were agreed upon to resolve problems of the demarcation line between the two countries. In the Kosovo War in 1999 some 360,000 ethnic Albanian refugees from Kosovo took refuge in the country, and later fought for the independence for the Albanian-populated areas of the Republic. Finally with NATO’s intervention peace was restored and the government agreed to devolve greater political power and cultural recognition to the Albanian minority with the Albanians recognized all Macedonian institutions.

The country was officially recognized as a European Union candidate state in 2005, under the reference “Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”. On 8th September, 1991 over 95.5% of the citizens voted for independence of the Republic Macedonia. The people’s will for an independent state was confirmed with the declaration of the referendum on September 18, 1991 at the Macedonian Parliament. Finally on 25th September, 1991 the declaration was adopted for Independence at the first multi-party Macedonian Parliament.

Next the constitution of Macedonia was adopted on 17th November, 1991. This phase of Macedonian history is referred to as the ‘Partitioned Macedonia’, with the wider region of Macedonia getting divided between the Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia following the two Balkan wars of 1912 and 1913 and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The territory of the present-day Republic of Macedonia had no administrative autonomy and was then named ‘Južna Srbija’ (Southern Serbia) or ‘Stara Srbija’ (Old Serbia).

Macedonia Independence Day Customs and Activities

The Macedonian people will celebrate their 15th Independence Day coming September 2008. The first time the people gathered at Macedonia Square was to celebrate the successful referendum at which the Macedonian citizens voted for independent and sovereign state. Since then the place holds important significance for the people. The people with their diverse, dynamic and creative mind celebrate this day with lots of funfair and pleasure. Besides all, on this day Macedonian people Come and eat some ethnic Macedonian food, attend several cultural and historic displays, meet other fellow Macedonians and above all have great time.

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Mozambique Victory Day Date: September 7

Mozambique celebrates Victory Day as a public holiday.

September 7 is Victory Day, it is a national holiday in Mozambique to commemorate the signing of the agreement to end Mozambique’s stuggle for independence. Portugal and Mozambique signed the agreement in 1974 and independence was granted in 1975. Victory Day marks the conclusion of more than a decade of guerrilla resistance against Portuguese rule.

History of Mozambique Victory Day

While the communist and the anti-colonial ideologies fan out across Africa, numerous covert political groups were launched to support the Mozambican independence movement. These groups claimed that the policies and development plans that were being implemented were designed primarily for the benefit of the Portuguese population. Meaningless programs were given to Mozambique’s tribal integration and to the development of its native communities. Official guerrilla records suggest that a majority of the indigenous population suffered tremendous state-sponsored discrimination and enormous social pressures. In response to the guerrilla movement, the Portuguese government since the 1960s and the early 1970s instigated slow but steady changes with fresh socio-economic developments and democratic policies for all.

The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) launched a guerrilla campaign against Portuguese rule in September 1964. This campaign, along with the two other campaigns already initiated in the other Portuguese territories of Angola and Portuguese Guinea, became part of the so-called Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). The Portuguese army kept control of the main population hubs while the guerrilla army wanted to chip away at the Portuguese influence in the indigenous areas in the north and west. In a move to take the edge off the FRELIMO, the Portuguese government began to create favorable conditions for social development and economic growth.

FRELIMO took control of the territory after 10 years of on-again-off-again warfare and a military junta replaced Portugal’s Estado Novo after a leftist military coup in Lisbon.

Mozambique Victory Day Traditions, Customs and Activities

Every year the president, together with leaders of the state government and political parties, lays a wreath at the Monument to the People’s Heroes to mark the 24th Victory Day. The president calls on all Mozambicans to carry out what the fallen heroes have started and to strive hard in rebuilding the nation.

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